Space communication systems developed by S.P. Korolev rocket and space corporation Energia

Communication satellite MOLNIA was designed by RSC-Energia directly for nominal communication system operation within the territory of the Soviet Union. After the first four successful launches the satellites were signed over to M.F. Reshetnev ISS for manufacturing and operation. The total satellite MOLNIA successful launches were 164. New high-efficiency communications equipment creation experiments performed particularly on the manned objects were described. There was considered the possibility of creation of global communication system based on three satellites with mass of 17...20 ton in the Geostationary Orbit (GSO), which has better performance characteristics comparative to the multi-satellite systems. The satellite is created by docking of two payload modules to the space platform in the GSO, at that, these modules may be replaced while in service. Platform may be created on the basis of thin-filmed solar arrays with power of 60...80 KW and dual-mode thermionic and thermoelectric nuclear power source with power of 400 KW in the mode of electrojet delivery or 160 KW in the mode of electric power supply to functional equipment with the operational life 15...20 years. There were showed the results of creation and more than 10-year-operation of geostationary communication satellites YAMAL-100 and than YAMAL-200. The satellite was created according to technology, which is new for the Russian space industry. High efficiency of communication satellites created on the basis of native technology was demonstrated. A share of YAMAL-100 in the operating Russian transponder overall balance was 10%, however it provided a volume of 60% regional and 50% central TV program broadcasting and 25% user Internet access. It was shown that the multifold possibilities for manufacturing of automated SC of different purpose are opened on the basis of the created platform YAMAL.