Silicon at the Forefront of Solar Energy: Analysis of the Prospects and Impact of "Defect Engineering"

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of current trends in solar energy development, highlights the dominant role of silicon, and explores the features of “defect engineering” in the production of high-efficiency solar cells, particularly those made from multicrystalline silicon. The results of an experimental study of the parameters of a single-crystal silicon photovoltaic cell are presented, including key operational characteristics and dynamic parameters of non-equilibrium charge carriers. Experimental results confirm the possibility of achieving high efficiency with an optimized structure and minimal recombination. The potential of silicon as a material is far from exhausted, and its role in the transition to sustainable energy will only grow.