The lunar observatory of the First Sunduk: the Third canyon (the methods of the high winter moon's rising and setting observations and the problem of the long-term scale of lunar-solar time notation in the Paleometal epoch of Northern Khakasia)

In the article, the problem of possibility to keep vigilant watch on the course of time in the Paleometal Epoch cultures of Southern Siberia, not within the limits of a year but in the long-term cycles involving 18, 19 and 56 years, is examined. The structures of the paleoastronomical observatory, those revealed in the Third Canyon of the First Sunduk (a sacred mountain in Northern Khakasia) corroborate such hypothesis. At this place, ancient priests kept their eyes in winter on rising and setting Moon in the year when It drew together with the North in the greatest extent (the so-called «high winter Moon»). It means that ancient astronomers of Siberia could predict (calculate in advance) the time of coming the night heavenly body's eclipses.