Medical activities of Zenrin Kyokai in Inner Mongolia (1933–1947)

The paper considers the medical activities of the Zenrin Kyokai Association in Inner Mongolia, a quasi-official organization established by the Japanese Ministry of War to promote its expansionist policies during World War II. The author believes that while the Association, on the one hand, provided medical care to the population of Inner Mongolia, and on the other hand, had close ties with the Japanese military and the Kwantung Army, which used the Association to promote their strategic goals in Inner Mongolia. Although medical activities in Inner Mongolia were carried out under the humanitarian banner of “good neighborliness and cultural upliftment,” in fact they were colonial in nature. Zenrin Kyokai is the main instrument of Japanese “diplomacy” in Inner Mongolia (China).