The impact of non-economic shock on the national economy

Various non-economic shocks occur regularly and lead to crises in the economy. Among the forms of this kind of shocks, the following can be distinguished: sanctions and the response to them - import substitution, the Covid-19 pandemic and the response to it in the form of changes in the structure of the economy, spontaneous (curtailment of, for example, tourism) and controlled (targeted funding and support, for example, pharmaceutical production); climate change; possible major emergencies (for example, the accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant and the subsequent closure of nuclear power plants in Japan and Germany); manifestations of terrorism, wars, revolutionary actions and social movements (modern USA, Ukraine, Belarus, Syria, Armenia, etc.), etc. The effect of these shocks leads to the destruction of part of the economic potential and changes in the institutional structure of the national economy.