Mechanisms for stimulating innovation activity in regions: a comparative analysis of effectiveness

The study is aimed at identifying and comparing mechanisms for stimulating innovation activity in Russian regions, taking into account their effectiveness and practical applicability. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to determine typical innovation support measures implemented at the regional level; to analyze their impact on the dynamics of innovation development in Russian regions; to classify the regions by level of innovation activity; and to identify successful cases and the most effective practices. The article uses a practical approach based on the analysis of open data from Rosstat, regional strategies, and case materials. Methods of comparison, qualitative analysis, and regional grouping by innovation development level are applied. It is established that the effectiveness of support measures varies significantly between regions and depends on the degree of integration of support tools, the quality of institutional infrastructure, and the availability of skilled personnel. Typical models of support are presented, along with comparisons of best and weakest practices. The most effective mechanisms are those that are systemic, adapted to regional conditions, and focused on practical implementation and feedback. Recommendations are proposed to enhance the effectiveness of regional innovation policy.