Mentality of Arabs, Persians, Turks, and Slavs in ibn Khaldun theory of climate and Umran

The article is devoted to the Tunisian scholar-historian and sociologist who lived in the 14th century - Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406). With his scientific work "Mukaddim" he made a notable contribution to the sociological science, developed the theory of climate and umran. The first part of this study, in order to understand Ibn Khaldun's worldview, provides information about the sociocultural environment in which he was formed and the aspects that influenced his formation. His professional activities in the state authorities of the time are touched upon, as well as his attitude to science and society, the character shown in his actions. The second part of the study briefly narrates the work "Mukaddim", in connection with which a voluminous review of information about the climate of the geographical regions in which the author was interested, as well as the degree of influence of climate on society is presented. The author, relying on scientific information, tries to present his own conclusions about the characteristics of the Arabs, Persians, Turks, and Slavs. In connection with the existing different opinions in the proposed article, attention is paid to their substantive side, since this issue also includes the task of identifying and generalizing the conclusions made by Ibn Khaldun in relation to society, determining the degree of influence of climatic conditions on society, as well as forecasts of development of the named peoples, including the present.