Metabolic alkalosis as a risk factor for postpartum paresis in cows

The development of metabolic alkalosis is due to a number of reasons: an unbalanced diet, including mineral substances, mechanical obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract, distal tubulopathies, congenital chloride diarrhea, hyperaldosteronism, neoplasia, overdose of glucocorticoids. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys are involved in the pathological process. The purpose of the review is to show the relationship of metabolic alkalosis with the development of postpartum paresis in cows. Databases of the scientific electronic library eLibrary, the National Library of Medicine of the USA (PubMed), the scientific electronic library of Cyber Medicine (cyberlenika.ru ), the Rospatent platform were used for writing the literature review. An analysis of the literature indicates that metabolic alkalosis causes a change in the sensitivity of receptors to PTH, as a result of which the lack of calcium in the body is not compensated by the synthesis of calcitriol and the release of calcium from the bone depot. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by symptoms such as decreased or loss of appetite, hypotension or atony of the pancreas, sinusitis, putrid odor from the oral cavity, generalized muscle weakness, if the hepatobiliary system is included in the process, an increase in the boundaries of the liver with percussion, soreness, jaundice of the mucous membranes. The pH of blood, saliva, urine, and scar contents changes. In the blood, there is an increase in HCO3- against the background of a decrease in K+ and Cl-, an increase in the concentration of total protein, an excessive concentration of bases, an increase in reserve alkalinity, and immunological shifts. The quantitative and qualitative composition of infusoria is changing. A pathomorphological examination reveals signs of chronic inflammation. Compensatory reactions are carried out due to cellular mechanisms, extracellular buffer systems, hypoventilation, and renal excretion. The treatment is aimed at restoring the pH to normal values. Prevention of metabolic alkalosis reduces the risk of developing postpartum paresis in cows.