Methodological approaches to substantiation of rational placement and deepening specialization of dairy cattle breeding in a region with extreme natural conditions

For the Krasnoyarsk Region with its vast and sparsely populated territory, the rational placement and deepening of specialization of dairy cattle breeding is the basis for the development of its economy. At the same time, the economy has a significant impact on the processes of spatial development of this industry, since it is associated with the solution to the problem of reliable provision of the population with milk and dairy products. But in the study period (2019–2023), the provision of the population of the region with milk and its processed products is 71.6-66.3 % of the rational norm. The lack of milk and dairy products in the diet, as protein-containing, is compensated by less valuable food products, which negatively affects the health of the region's population. Per capita consumption of the rational norm in these years does not exceed 73.5 %. The number of dairy cattle decreased in 2023 compared to 2019 by 13.1 %. And only due to the increase in milk productivity of cows by 24.6 % in 2023 compared to 2019, the volume of milk production increased by 6.0 %. The study showed that the issues of milk production distribution in the region by its natural and economic zones have not been resolved rationally enough. In particular, the volumes of production by zones do not coincide with the demand for it. This causes the need to transport milk over significant distances, which increases additional costs, and creates interruptions in the supply of this important product to the population. Along with the listed shortcomings, the efficiency of milk production by natural and economic zones and in the region as a whole continues to be low. Its highest efficiency was formed in agricultural organizations of the Western macrodistrict, the lowest in the Northern. Economic assessment of the conditions of milk production is the basis for improving its rational distribution and deepening specialization, which do not require large one-time investments in the conditions of insufficient state support.