Methodological problems in linguistics (critical analysis)

The article deals with the main problems of the methodology of linguistic analysis. The author demonstrates the definition of the language phenomenon in philosophy and linguistics, and outlines the prospects for integrative verbal and cogitative objects within a new scientific field - cogitology. Linguistic methodology is mainly reduced to the scientific explanation of linguistic objects. However, the definition of "science" requires more interpretation. Modern science relies on the Galilean model of research - it stands for the isolation of some process from the general context of its performance, and considering it separately that leads to its abstraction from a variety of natural connections (G. P. Shchedrovitsky). In addition, the research objects are often replaced by scientific concepts, whereas the research methods add extra proofs to the object of the research. The definitions of language contain a lot of discrepancies and contradictions, linguistic signs and their functions...