"Methodological nationalism" and "methodological cosmopolitanism": conceptualization of national realities in the theoretical versions of global society

The article discusses one of the controversial issues in the modern philosophy and the humanities - the future of the national realities in a global world. Basing upon the conceptions of ‘methodological cosmopolitanism’ and ‘methodological nationalism’ the author provides a theoretical analysis of the possible coexistence of the global and the local, and comes to the conclusion that the modern era can be called a time of not only globalization, but also nationalism, which acts as a specific response to the global unification of the world.