Methodological pluralism in understanding historical consciousness: a philosophical analysis

Modern society is in a situation of global crisis, which affects both the sphere of mate-rial production and spiritual sphere. In the conditions of the crisis of modern civilization, stud-ies that affect the human being: his universal, integral, generic essence are of particular rele-vance. In this regard, socio-philosophical studies that consider the most general aspects of human essence come to the fore. One of the key ways of human self-knowledge is historical consciousness, which allows us to evaluate the past of a social substance and make forecasts for the future. Historical consciousness is a complex phenomenon, the study of which requires a strict methodological paradigm. This article is devoted to the analysis of methodological ap-proaches to historical consciousness, revealing their heuristic potential and substantive shortcomings. Special attention will be paid to the approaches of K. Jaspers and H. Gadamer, which have certain theoretical and practical values. The methodology of scientific social phi-losophy - historical materialism - will also be noted. This methodology allows revealing the true nature of historical consciousness through the prism of human essence. In the conditions of modern civilizational crisis, it is especially important to objectively approach such a complex phenomenon as historical consciousness, so the purpose of this article is to analyze some methodological foundations in the understanding of historical consciousness.