Diagnostic methods for drug-induced parkinsonism: a review of Russian and foreign literature

Introduction. Drug-induced Parkinsonism (DIP) belongs to the group of secondary parkinsonism, ranking second after Parkinson's disease (PD). The prevalence of DIP in the world reaches 36%. DIP is characterized by the appearance of akinetic-rigid syndrome with the presence of a typical triad (akinesia, bradykinesia, tremor) in patients taking medications (MPs) that affect dopamine production. Objective. Analysis of international scales and questionnaires used for the diagnosis of drug-induced parkinsonism. Materials and methods. A search for full-text publications in Russian and English was carried out in the eLibrary, PubMed, Springer, Clinicalkeys, Google Scholar databases, using keywords and combined word searches (drug-induced parkinsonism, antipsychotics, scales, tests and questionnaires, DIP diagnostics), over the last decade. In addition, earlier publications of historical interest were included in the review. Despite extensive searches of these commonly used databases and search terms, it cannot be excluded that some publications may have been missed. Results. The review considers valid scales and questionnaires that are most commonly used and promising for use in the diagnosis of antipsychotic-induced DIP. Conclusion. Despite the synthesis of П generation antipsychotics and their introduction into real clinical practice, the problem of early diagnosis and assessment of DIP dynamics in chronic therapy of schizophrenia remains a relevant research topic, but far from being resolved.