Research methods and ways in strawberry breeding problems solution (analytical review)

The purpose of research is to study modern research methods and ways used to solve the problems of garden strawberries selection. The classical breeding methods used at the present stage, supplemented by new methods of studying genetic material, assessing the genome and the level of manifestation of economically valuable traits, make it possible to increase the efficiency of creating varieties of garden straw-berries for various purposes and methods of production. When developing a model of a new variety, assessing the degree of genetic relationship of the original parental forms, an effective way to process a large amount of data is cluster analysis, as well as multidimensional mathematical models with its application. To assess the genome, various marker systems are used at the morphological, physiological and DNA levels. Fragaria × ananassa Duch is a difficult subject for genetic research due to the high level of ploidy. The use of genetic markers in garden strawberry is aimed at searching for genes associated with resistance to unfavorable biotic and abiotic factors, and studying the mechanism of resistance. In connection with the development of nutraceutical and functional nutrition direction, special attention is paid to the study of the biologically active substances content in strawberries. To expand the genetic base of the species F. × ananassa Duch other species of Fragaria L. are actively studied and are involved in the breeding process, interploid hybridization and polyploidy are used. New prospects to improve the genome of Fragaria × ananassa have opened since the receipt (1990) of the first transgenic plant of garden strawberry. It is reported about the positive results of the application of methods of genetic modification in the creation of frost-resistant, salt-tolerant and herbicide-resistant plants of garden strawberries, lines resistant to common diseases and pests. The study presents the iformation on garden strawberry research by modern methods, including genetic marking, genome modification to create varieties with new genoplasm.