Metonimical model as a key model underlying the functioning of the language units designating the names of diseases in the English language formed from a name of a place or a geographical object

The article focuses on the four main groups of medical terms, which include eponyms. As a result of metonymic transfer, proper names in medical terms lose their original connection with denoted objects and acquire new meanings. The main metonymic model, with which the transfer is carried out, is an idealized cognitive model of “Spatial Relations”, implemented within the framework of the Place-Object model.