The migration policy of Kazakhstan (late XX - the beginning of XXI century)

Migration has been playing a significant role in the formation of Kazakhstan population over almost the past two hundred years of the country's history. In the very first independent years, the gained independence turned into large migration losses, that led to the changes in the development of the ethno-demographic structure of the population and in the labor market of the republic. The state had to react to the problem that had arisen. With an interval of 14 years, two laws on migration were adopted, and the authorities developed the concepts of the state demographic and migration policies and the programs of the demographic development of Kazakhstan. They were designed to regulate migration processes and solve the problem of the shortage of highly qualified specialists that appeared as a result of the emigration of specialists. Some of the problems have been partially solved and are being solved, while others may never be solved. At the same time, a sharp decline in the population was stopped due to the natural population growth (mainly with the representatives of the Kazakh ethnic group).