Migration flows: transcultural aspects of mental health (review of foreign literature)

Background. Migration is a traditional sociodynamic phenomenon of the development of society; by 2015, the migration crisis, having reached peak values, acquired a transnational character and turned into a difficult-to-control global process. Most countries are faced with migration flows that require certain political, organizational measures, changes in the health care system, education and social welfare. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of publications noting the negative impact of migration on mental health. Cultural differences, constantly affecting stress factors, diagnostic problems, and a shortage of professionals who are fully versed in cultural competencies make it difficult for migrants to integrate and psychologically adapt. Objective: to determine the relationship between the phenomenon of mass migration, mental health, psychological well-being of migrants and processes in the field of mental health. Materials and Methods. Empirical analysis of publications on foreign databases Web of Science and SCOPUS. Thematic search was performed using the keywords: migration, mental health, psychological maladjustment, ethnocultural competencies. Results. The migration flows and the consequences of the growth of the migration mobility of the population of various countries are analyzed. Mass migration processes are negative, often hindering the state of well-being, the realization of personal potential and effective social functioning. To a greater extent, people with mental health problems in the past are subject to maladjustment processes. It is noted that PTSD, depression, and anxiety are the most common among migrants. The greatest problems were found in women, children and adolescents. Difficulties are noted in providing mental health care to migrants.