Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov - organizer and scientific supervisor of the First Russian Transarctic Expedition

This paper analyzes the contribution of M.V. Lomonosov in the preparation and organization of the first Russian transarctic expedition of 1765-1766. The practical implementation of the project ended with very modest results, which did not lead to the success of the enterprise. Until now, guided by the memoirs and memoirs of the admirals Chichagovs, which have become widespread, the “blame” for the failure of the expedition is placed on M.V. Lomonosov. Analysis of primary sources allows us to conclude that M.V. Lomonosov developed an innovative project that was two centuries ahead of its time, and the "failure" of the expedition was caused by the reluctance of V.Ya. Chichagov to be guided by his recommendations and the instructions of the Admiralty Board.