Multifunctional spectrometer for surface and bulk studies of condensed media. I. Functional capabilities

The first part of the paper describes the physical principles, x- and γ-ray schemes of various spectrometric techniques for surface studies based on the grazing incidence geometry. The experimental data obtained demonstrate potentials of each method. An overall optical schematic of the multifunctional spectrometer for non-destructive, depth-selective, contactless physico-chemical surface analysis of objects being studied is given.