Urolithiasis: modern concepts of etiology of disease (review)

Urolithiasis is a polyetiological disease that occupies an important place in the practice of urologist. In the treatment of urolithiasis, the main approach is a search for the cause of disease and competent correction of existing disorders. It is especially important to know the etiology and risk factors of urolithiasis, which is the subject of this literature review. In this article, we look at inhibitors of stone formation, genetic aspects of the disease, risk factors in detail (bariatric surgery, inflammatory bowel disease, colonization of the intestine by Oxalobacter formigenes, renal SLC26A6 expression), relationship between urolithiasis and vitamin D. To review the literature, a search was performed in electronic databases, such as eLIBRARY, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, from January 1, 2000 to April 1, 2020, which considered the etiology and risk factors of urolithiasis. For the search, we used keywords and their combinations: "urolithiasis", "risk factors", "etiology". A total of 49 literature sources were analyzed.