Model of Avena sativa L. cultivar for aluminum acid soils of the European north-east of Russia

In the field conditions of 2015-2021, we evaluated and analysed quantitative growth and development characteristics of oat plants (Avena sativa L.) to modify the model of oat cultivar for conditions of aluminum acid sod-podzolic soils. The experiments were carried out in two soil backgrounds: neutral (pH 6.4, without mobile aluminum) and aluminum acid (pH 3.93-4.05 with a mobile aluminum content of about 13 mg/100 g of soil). There exist significant differences in reactions of the collection and breeding oat material to growing conditions by the development of yield structure elements, leaf surface size, and content of green (chlorophylls) and yellow (carotenoids) pigments in flag leaves. The samples of covered oats in aluminum acid soils with a lower (relatively to the control (Argamak cultivar)) level of flag leaf area depression were identified. They were the breeding samples И-4595 (48.6 %), И-4592 (51.0 %), 2h09 (62.5 %) and others. Under neutral soil conditions, the average pigment content in flag leaves of covered oats was 13.54; 8.23 and 3.49 mg/g dry weight for chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids, respectively. When soil conditions changed, these averages decreased to a level of 7.74; 3.86 and 2.81 mg/g dry weight. The chlorophyll a content depression in acid soil was least expressed in the following breeding samples as к-3752 (19.4 %), И-4815 (24.4 %). The sample И-4388 demonstrated a reverse effect - its pigment content increased by 6.9 %. The change in chlorophyll b content was relatively low for the breeding samples И-4592 (decrease by 28.9 %), И-4815 (by 33.9 %), and И-3752 (by 35.0 %). By the study results, we identified the genotypes of covered oats that exceeded the yield of standard cultivar by 10-15 % when grown in stress soil conditions. Based on the obtained data, we proposed a model of the covered oat cultivar for aluminum acid.