Models of elementary particles, atoms and molecules

The construction of models is based on a systems approach. The systems under consideration form: elements that create the structure of the system; forces acting between elements; energy of formation or change of a system. The smallest system is the hydrogen atom. The elements of the system create electric and magnetic fields that determine the forces of their mutual attraction and repulsion. This allows us to approach issues of physics, chemistry, electrical properties of materials, solutions, electrolytes, etc. from a unified position. A photon model of elementary particles is proposed. For this purpose, the coefficient of the magnetic moment of the ring particle and the DuK constant are introduced. The radii of the proton, electron and muon are calculated. The adequacy of the model is confirmed by the agreement between the calculated and experimental data. The “Law of change in the mass of substances entering into a reaction” was proposed to determine the energy results of chemical and nuclear reactions.