Modernization and traditions in the Indian higher education

Political elites of the postcolonial independent India have relied on the integration of various parts of the new state. The reform of the education system, including higher education, its modernization based on modern Western social ideas and ethics was supposed to promote this goal. However, today, almost 70 years later, different types of discrimination still exist in India, based on caste, class, gender, religion, region and language. All of them find their reflection not only in higher education but also in the education system as a whole. Hence, there is the need in constant evaluation and adjustment of public policies and government programs to ensure that the declared principles of liberty, equality and fraternity were realized in one of the biggest and diversified higher education systems in the world, which passed a long way from tradition to modernity.