Modifiable factors in the development of external abdominal hernias

Relevance. Abdominal wall hernias remain one of the most common surgical conditions, and the frequency of their development and recurrence is largely influenced by modifiable risk factors. Since these factors are subject to correction, their study is crucial for improving preventive strategies and treatment outcomes. The aim of this study is to summarize and analyze current scientific data regarding the role of modifiable risk factors in the development of external abdominal hernias. Materials and methods. A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and eLIBRARY databases. Publications from 2015 to 2025 were included, focusing on the pathogenesis, clinical relevance, and corrective potential of modifiable risk factors for abdominal wall hernias. Results and discussion. Obesity, smoking, chronic cough, physical inactivity, constipation, impaired nutrition and collagen synthesis, and excessive physical exertion were identified as significant modifiable factors that increase the risk of hernia development. These factors exert their effects by increasing intra-abdominal pressure, impairing wound healing, and weakening fascial structures. Timely correction of these factors can significantly improve outcomes, reduce recurrence rates, and enhance the effectiveness of hernia repair. Conclusion. Identification and modification of risk factors should be considered essential components of a comprehensive approach to the prevention and management of external abdominal hernias.