Molecular-genetic problems in microevolution of swine breed population in connection with dynamics of heterozygosity

By the example of genesis of the Siberian swine breeds (Kemerovskaya and Early-Ripe Meat CM-1) the breed formation is considered as microevolutionary process and its major conditions (hybridization and selection) provide for genofond enrichment and genome activation. The data on hybridization of genomes of Asiatic and European origin during the obtaining of current swine breeds were presented. It was shown, that heterozygosity level, composing the basis of heterosis, viability and adaptivity, increases during domestication and evolution from wild ancestry to native-born local populations and further to farm cultural breeds that proceeds sufficiently to activity of selective work. On the basis of general rules of microevolution the use of molecular-immunogenetic analysis for investigation of breed formation in different animal species is discussed.