Molecular and cellular mechanisms of initiation and progression of joint pathologies

Introduction: osteoarthritis is classified as a disease of the musculoskeletal system characterized by the destruction of articular cartilage affecting the entire joint, subchondral bone, synovial membrane, ligaments, tendons and muscles. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to the spread of pathogenic factors through the tissues of the joint are still unknown. Due to the emergence of new highly effective research methods, significant progress has been made in recent years in the study and understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to the development of joint pathologies. The aim of the study was to study the molecular mechanisms of initiation and progression of osteoarthritis, as well as to summarize potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of joint pathologies. Materials and methods: the analysis of scientific medical literature sources containing data from their own research, as well as reviews on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis, was carried out. Information was searched by keywords in electronic medical and general scientific databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, eLibrary. Results: The above review of scientific data strongly suggests that the identification of informative biomarkers necessary for the prevention and treatment of joint disease has become an urgent need for clinical practice.