Molecular mechanisms of resistance to monoclonal antibody therapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and mucosa of the oral cavity

The review analyzes current data on the molecular mechanisms of resistance to monoclonal antibodies in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and mucosa of the oral cavity. The mechanisms of resistance to monoclonal anti-ERBB and anti-PD1 antibodies and ways to overcome it are described in detail. The analysis made it possible to identify a number of factors that should be taken into account when assigning therapy with monoclonal antibodies: activation of alternative receptor tyrosine kinases, increased expression of receptor ligand genes, mutations in effectors and the receptor tyrosine kinases themselves, disruption of the formation of functional receptor dimers, changes in proteins and coding for them genes responsible for the regulation of cascades of apoptosis, mitosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines and immunosuppressive metabolites.