Monitoring of microevolution and breed formation in pigs on the basis of the molecular-immunogenetic analysis

The authors consider the possibility of investigation of microevolution and genome formation in wild and domestic animals of Sus scrofa species on the basis of molecular-immunogenetic analysis. The results of large-scale analysis of three systems of blood groups - G, F and D - in pigs of different breeds, aboriginal and local populations varied in genome structure and genotypes frequency on the alleles of European and Asiatic origin. The model experiments on hybridization in some adjacent generation of the females of the classical European and Asiatic breeds with wild Middle Asiatic hog Sus scrofa nigripes were described. The data obtained were supplemented with the results of investigation of heterosis on fertility, pre- and postnatal viability after crossing homo- and heterozygous animals with Euro-Asiatic genotypes within the limits of the classical global breeds of pigs: Large White, Berkshir, Landras and Lakomb. All made studies on system G of blood group shown unambiguously natural tendency of increasing of frequency of most valuable Gb allele of Asiatic origin and Ga/b heterozygous genotype. The increase of heterozygotes amount on this locus in different populations sufficiently reflects the molecular mechanism of priority spreading in world pig breeding of the breeds: Large White, Berkshir, Landras, Durok and their hybrids.