Heifers of different productive directions blood morpho-biochemical profile in the pre-calving period

The purpose of research is to study the morpho-biochemical composition of blood in cattle of different productive directions in the pre-calving period. Tasks - to establish the level of metabolic processes in the precalving period in Holstein and Hereforod heifers 14 days before calving. The object of the study is dairy and beef heifers 14 days before calving, selected from two farms in the Amur Region specializing in breeding Holstein and Hereford cattle: group I - Holstein breed (n = 8), group II - Hereford breed (n = 9). In the first case, a tethered type of content was used, and in the second case, a pasture system. All the studied animals were conditionally clinically healthy, were in normal production conditions, were subjected to planned veterinary and sanitary measures developed on the basis of regulatory legal acts provided for by veterinary legislation. The study material was whole blood stabilized with heparin and blood serum. Research methods - biochemical, hematological, mathematical. When studying and analyzing the data obtained, some regularities were revealed: heifers of Holstein and Hereford breeds in the pre-calving period are prone to the development of anemia and hypocalcemia, while it was found that low levels of serum calcium and magnesium can be a triggering (predisposing) factor in the development of hypochromic anemia; Holsteins are characterized by an increased level of triglycerides, hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, while Herefords are characterized by liver dysfunction with cholestatic processes, hypoalbumin-type dysproteinemia, which is due to breed characteristics, different conditions of keeping and feeding, and the possible presence of errors in diets and the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. The results of the study in the field of studying the morpho-biochemical profile of Holstein and Hereford heifers in the pre-calving period confirm the fact that, regardless of the productive direction, the end of the third trimester is a very difficult period for the maternal organism and requires special attention from zoo veterinarians.