Morphological and functional estimation of the rat’s liver at experimental modeling of acute focal post-necrotic cirrhosis

Known experimental models of liver cirrhosis do not allow to reproduce on laboratory animals the modeling of structural reorganization of liver parenchyma with disconnection of its blood circulation, and therefore new approaches to the development of such models are required. The aim of the study is morphological and functional assessment of the liver in experimental modeling of acute focal post-necrotic cirrhosis by injection of various concentrations of ethanol solution into its parenchyma. Modeling of acute focal post-necrotic cirrhosis of the liver was carried out under general anesthesia on male rats weighing 250 g. Under aseptic conditions, micro-laparotomy was performed in the area of the right hypochondrium to provide surgical access to the right lobe of the liver and under the liver capsule deep into the liver parenchyma using a syringe, ethanol solution of various concentrations from 40% to 89% in a volume of 0.1 to 0.6 ml was injected. The present study included only animals with a visually verified focus of post-necrotic cirrhosis, which developed with the introduction of 0.3-0.5 ml of 60-80% ethanol and did not cause either total liver damage or death of animals. Euthanasia and morphological examination of the liver with a biochemical blood test were performed for these groups of animals 14 days after the start of the experiment. The study found that the overall structure of the liver tissue in the experimental animals was disrupted. The liver structure is lobular due to pronounced foci of fibrosis, hepatocytes are dystrophic, with signs of vacuolar dystrophy, binuclear regenerating cells are noted, most of them are concentrated in the marginal zone of the cirrhosis focus. The picture of the formation of liver cirrhosis was confirmed by the data of a laboratory biochemical study of the blood of animals. Thus, in experimental modeling of acute focal post-necrotic cirrhosis by injecting 0.3-0.6 ml of ethanol solution of various concentrations into the liver tissue of laboratory rats, typical morphological changes characterizing this process are observed after 14 days.