Morphogenesis of the depressions of Baikal and Transbaikal types: similarities and differences

The article presents a comparative analysis of the relief and processes of morphogenesis of the depressions of Baikal and Transbaikal types. The features of exogenous and endogenous relief formation of the depressions in the Baikal rift zone and the Transbaikal province of low-mountain areas and middle mountains are briefly described. By analyzing the processes of integration and disintegration of relief forms we have identified the main trends in development of the relief of depressions at the present stage and the main processes of relief formation that determine the nature of morphogenesis and their spectrum. The main exogenous processes of relief formation in depressions are fluvial, slope water-erosion, aeolian and cryogenic, due to their formation in the morphogenesis system of the humid temperate climatic-geomorphological zone. The belonging of depressions to Baikal and Transbaikal types in morphogenesis are expressed in the features of distributing the relief forms and their morphology in different parts, they are associated with the specificity of the origin and development of neotectonic structures.