Morphological assessment of the peritoneum and anterior abdominal wall state in peritonitis experimental modeling

Currently, many techniques to simulate acute widespread peritonitis on animals have been proposed, however, the creation of an adequate experimental model is still an unresolved problem of surgery. An important aspect of modeling is morphological control and evaluation of the developed models. The aim of the study was a morphological assessment of the condition of the peritoneum and tissues of the anterior abdominal wall during experimental modeling of diffuse fecal peritonitis in laboratory rats. In accordance with the aim of experimental research, a series of experiments on 20 white rats of the «Standard» breed weighing 200±50 g was made. Also, device for modeling peritonitis-vacuum laser intestinal perforator, which allows to fixed the intestinal wall and make an accurate perforation defect of a given diameter, the fabric of which is subsequently a pathological substrate for the development of a diffuse fecal peritonitis. During the experiment, fecal peritonitis developed in all 20 laboratory animals. Macroscopically and histologically, fragments of the tissue of the peritoneum parietal layer with the anterior abdominal wall and liver preparations were studied. Preparations of the peritoneum parietal layer (macroscopically - white), were represented by fibrous-elastic connective tissue with weak neutrophilic leucocytic and lymphocytic infiltration. In histological preparations, mature adipose tissue was observed in area under mesothelium, the muscle tissue of the anterior abdominal wall was in a state of coagulation necrosis with single lymphocytic infiltration, which can serve as indirect signs of the beginning of peritonitis. The liver on the section resembled a pattern of «nutmeg». In its preparations the general tissues architectonics it was preserved. Portal tracts were expanded, the latter as bile ducts and hepatic arteries had a typical structure, their stroma was performed by loose connective tissue, weakly infiltrated with lymphocytes, the integrity of the border plate was not disturbed. The combination of these processes with certain changes in the liver tissue, can be characterized as the initial stages of the inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity of animals.