Oviduct morphology in domestic birds

The aim of research is to investigate the features of the morphological structure in the studied bird species. The carcasses of adult poultry were used for the study: a Hisex white cross chicken at the age of 160-170 days, a Peking duck and an Italian goose at 60-75 days of age. The study of the internal structures of the oviduct was carried out by the method of conventional and fine preparation on wet preparations using a microscope "MBS-2" with eye tweezers and scissors. Measurements were made with an electronic caliper and then photographed. As a result of our studies, we noted that the oviduct in the studied bird species is a complex and dynamic organ in which the ovulated yolk, coming from the ovary, turns into an egg. Unlike other mammalian species, birds have an unpaired set of functional reproductive organs - the left ovary and oviduct. By its structure, the oviduct is a long tubular organ, consisting of five different functional and morphological purposes of the departments: funnel, protein section, isthmus, uterus and vagina. In the funnel, fertilization is carried out, in the protein section; the egg cell is sequentially covered with proteins of different composition, which are layered around the yolk in the corresponding sections of the oviduct due to the secretion of the tubular glands. In the isthmus, soft shells are formed that surround the egg. In the uterus, the glands form a calcified egg shell, forming a hardened eggshell, and the egg is released through the vagina. The albuminous section of the oviduct is the longest part of the oviduct, occupying 47.9 % in the chicken, 51.1 % in the Peking duck, and 49.6 % in the Italian goose of the length of the oviduct. The relative mass of the protein section in the chicken is 66.4 %, in the Peking duck 73.3 % and in the Italian goose 67.1 % of the mass of the oviduct.