National approaches to achieving technological sovereignty and their impact on the positioning of countries in international trade

Countries are striving to develop critical technologies that are essential for the structural transformation of their economies and enhancing their international competitiveness. The pandemic and current geopolitical challenges have heightened the risks of technological interdependence among countries. The advantages and disadvantages of technological sovereignty can be explained through interdisciplinary research, but achieving it requires a productive and balanced approach. Technological sovereignty is a concept that goes beyond data and technology regulation and entails funding innovation and stimulating innovative entrepreneurship. At the same time, we note significant differences in the approaches of key countries to managing digital sovereignty. The article was prepared as a report for the section “Education for Sustainable Development of Territories” of the IV annual international scientific and practical conference “Digital Transformation of the International Economic System” (October 2, 2025, MGIMO University of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia).