Keeping the courts and officials of the judiciary under supervision in post-reform Russia in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries

For the first time in history "Judicial statutes" of 1864 established the principle of judicial independence and its guarantees. Such as: regulated by law procedure of appointment of judges, their irremovability, special procedures for responsibility, physical and social security. Despite the declaration of the independence of judges, the state could not leave them without supervision. It has to guarantee the legitimacy of judicial practice and to prevent any violation of the law. General supervision over all courts and officials of the judiciary in the Russian Empire was carried out by the Minister of justice. In practice there were cases when officials of the judiciary demonstrated abuse of authority. Especially often such cases were registered in magistrates.