Disturbed lands recultivation directions at mining operations

The purpose of research is to choose the direction of recultivation of lands disturbed as a result of alluvial gold mining in the North-Yenisei region. The object of research is disturbed lands during the extraction of a placer gold deposit by an open method in the riverbed Coloramo. The choice of the direction of recultivation was carefully developed on the basis of the analysis of materials from soil-reclamation, hydrogeological, geomorphological and other types of surveys, as well as environmental and economic feasibility. The natural and climatic, social, actual and predicted state, the current and future use of disturbed lands for their intended purpose in accordance with the territorial planning documents were taken into account. In accordance with the above criteria, two areas of reclamation were chosen - forestry and water management. In the forestry direction recultivation, plantings for operational purposes are mainly created, as well as forests for protective, water-regulating and recreational purposes. At the same time, a capital planning of the surface is provided in order to avoid negative erosion processes and for the unimpeded operation of tillage and forest planting machines and machines for caring for crops. This area of reclamation is carried out in two stages. The water management direction of reclamation is “designed” to create reservoirs of various economic purposes in the lowered elements of the technogenic relief. Reservoirs are created in quarry excavations, trenches, deformed sections of mine fields and can later be used for water supply, fish breeding and recreational purposes, and irrigation. Hydraulic structures must be built, necessary for flooding open pit excavations and maintaining the calculated water levels in them: “dead” volume, normal retaining and full volume. Measures are being taken to prevent acidic or alkaline groundwater from entering water bodies and to maintain a favorable regime and composition of water in accordance with sanitary and hygienic standards, as well as to improve the territory and plant greenery on slopes. At the final stage of the water management direction, the bed of the reservoir is covered with anti-filtration clothing to prevent water leakage. The water management direction is carried out in one stage.