Disturbance of the fetus in prediction of dystocia in female dogs

The article presents violations in the development of fetuses in female dogs to predict the the birth process outcomes. The studies were carried out in the Department of Anatomy and Histology of Animals named after Professor A.F. Klimov of Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MBA named after K.I. Scryabin and the veterinary center “MedVetˮ. The object of the study was 81 pregnant female dogs of various breeds, divided into groups based on their gestational age. Ultrasound examination throughout pregnancy was performed on the Mindray Vetus 8 apparatus using a microcomplex probe with a wave range of 4.7-12.8 Hz. X-ray was performed on the BALF RX PRO apparatus at a focal length of 100 cm and in lateral projection. Of the 81 examined females, we identified fetal pathologies that may be the cause of dystocia. Among them, attention was drawn to omphalocele, which was due to defective histogenesis of the fetus abdominal wall and the development of organs outside the abdominal cavity. As a result of abnormal development of the kidneys in fetuses with anasarca, which was detected in 4% of cases, free fluid was found in the chest cavity, as well as a generalized subcutaneous edema. In several cases, we observed simultaneous movement of two fetuses from both uterine horns. This situation leads to obstruction of the birth canal. In the case of diagnosing a singleton pregnancy, dystocia was detected, as well as development of large fetus. In most cases of singleton pregnancies we noted the development of large fetus. Using our studies we identified fetal development disorders in female dogs, which served as differential diagnostic criteria in predicting the outcome of childbirth. In addition, using ultrasound examinations of pregnant female dogs, we identified pathologies of fetal development that were the cause of dystocia, such as omphalocele, anasarca, and large fetuse. According to the survey radiography, frequency of occurrence of malposition of the fetus that leads to birth canal obstruction was established.