Inheritance of ear size and grains number in spring barley hybrids

The purpose of the study is to determine the nature of the inheritance of such traits as "ear length" and "number of grains per ear" by spring barley hybrids in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The experiments were carried out in the forest-steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Region in 2018-2020 on ordinary thin chernozem: humus content (according to Tyurin) - 4.73 %; N-NO3 (ionometric express method) - 12.5 mg/kg of soil; P2O5 and K2O (according to Chirikov) - 19.00 and 14.00 mg/100 g of soil, respectively; the reaction of the soil solution in the water extract is neutral (pH 6.3). The predecessor is pure steam. The weather conditions of the growing seasons during the study years were different: 2019 - dry conditions (HTC = 0.76) and 2020 - excessively wet (HTC = 1.71). Four parental components participated in the genetic analysis: Buyan, Dera, Weibulls puke and Odessa 22, crosses were carried out according to the full diallel scheme 4×4. Positive overdominance (Hp ˃ 1.00) prevailed in the ear length inheritance in most hybrid combinations. According to this indicator, the variety Buyan (8.1; 9.5 cm) and the hybrids obtained with its participation were distinguished: Buyan × Dera (8.5; 10.9 cm), Odessa 22 × Buyan (8.4; 9.5 cm). In the first generation (F1), the inheritance of the number of grains per ear was noted - from positive overdominance to intermediate inheritance, 75.0 % of the combinations showed true heterosis (Hp from -0.23 to +6.83). The studied trait is controlled predominantly by the dominant genetic system in F1 and by the additive-dominant genetic system in F2 with the predominance of dominant gene effects in both generations (F = 4.76 and 4.84 > 0). Buyan variety (Kedr × Jo 1345) is recommended as a donor for increasing the number of grains in an ear of barley (gi = 0.9937 and 1.8417).