Mentors for young teachers in today's schools: touch of typology

The problem of research and its relevance. Over the past decades, we have seen an aggravation of the problem of aging of the teaching staff. One of the aspects that aggravate the situation is the outflow of young specialists who have already come to work in the first years of work. For example, in one of the municipalities we studied, out of 73 young professionals, only 32 remained in the profession in the third year. These data pose for practice the task of finding mechanisms for retaining and securing young teachers in schools, and for science-the development of tools for psychological, pedagogical and social support of incoming specialists. One of the traditional forms of such support is mentoring. As a scientific problem, the specifics of real mentoring practices are rather poorly studied. The purpose of the article. The authors of this article attempt to build a typology of mentors in relation to their own activities, their goals and the nature of their implementation on the basis of the collected data. Methodology. As data for the study, questionnaires and transcripts of semi-structured interviews were used, the respondents of which were young teachers and their mentors from 23 subjects of the Russian Federation, with a total number of 812. The main method of processing personal data was the ranking method, and for interviews - content analysis. Results. As a result of the study, the authors propose to consider mentors from the positions of 4 identified types: consultant, andragog, mentor, methodologist. A common feature is the lack of a comprehensive program of actions and development of a young teacher for each of them, the key differences lie in the vision of their own role and their own actions in relation to the mentee. It is advisable to consider the first years of a career as a continuation of education, which should be specially designed, within the framework of which personal and professional results, frequency, formats and forms of interaction, as well as the content of work are planned in the joint activity of a mentor and a young specialist.