Scientific knowledge in context of evolution epistemology

One of the main tendencies in contemporary philosophy of science - the orientation on displaying the “anthropological” dimension of scientific knowledge is reflected in the article. Based on the material of the history of science, on the one hand, and the evolution epistemology and anthropological studies, on the other hand, the author aims to demonstrate correlation between basic scientific categories (identity and causality), principles of scientific knowledge, and specifics of human evolutionary history.