Neuroplasticity and the possibilities of modern neurorehabilitation

Diseases of the nervous system occupy the first place among the causes of disability. Their share in the total morbidity and disability is constantly growing, which is caused by a global increase in cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative pathologies, an increase in the number of automobile injuries, patients with diabetes mellitus, renal pathology, environmental conditions and an increase in the proportion of older people. As methods for studying the central nervous system (CNS) improve, numerous ways of restoring lost functions - the mechanisms of neuroplasticity - are discovered. The desire to reduce the growth of disability of the population causes interest in neurorehabilitation in society. Therefore, neurorehabilitation is extremely relevant today. The review presents modern concepts of the mechanisms of neuroplasticity such as: sprouting, and recruitment, change in synaptic conduction, neurogenesis and their role in modern neurorehabilitation. The mechanisms of influence on neuroplasticity are considered in order to increase the rehabilitation potential of the neurological and somatic profile.