Brain neuroplasticity: brain-derived neurotrophic factor and protein kinase signaling pathways (literature review)

Background. Neuroplasticity is based on various processes in neurons, such as functional and structural changesin the brain, which provide the possibility of adapting to the environment, restoring memory and learning processes,rehabilitation after injuries, and vascular cerebral lesions, craniocerebral injuries and stress effects on the brain. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a versatile neurotrophin that promotes brain development, neuronal survival,and maintenance of dendritic branching and, as a result, synaptic plasticity. The effects of BDNF are associated withthe activation of several molecular signaling cascades. BDNF controls the physiological functions of the glutama-tergic, GABAergic, and serotonergic systems. Possessing a neuroprotective function, BDNF prevents the development of oxidative stress. Objective: to analyze current concepts on the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophicfactor and associated protein kinase signaling pathways in the structure of brain neuroplasticity. Discussion. The literature review reflects modern notion of the involvement of BDNF and its associated intracellular signaling molecules in the plasticity of human brain neurons. Particular attention is paid to the prospects for the use of brain-derivedneurotrophic factor and protein kinases in personalized psychiatry. Protein kinase signaling pathways associated withBDNF involved in the processes of neuroplasticity can be potential targets in the development of new methods ofpharmacotherapy, diagnosis of mental disorders, prediction of the effectiveness of psychotropic therapy and the development of side effects.