Optimization of viability indicators of bees under technogenesis conditions

The purpose of the study is a practical substantiation of the use of selenium-active, which provides an increase in the viability of bees in conditions of technogenesis. Research objectives are: to determine the optimal dose of selenium-active, increasing the lifespan of bees; to establish the effect of selenium-active on the ability to remove pollutants from the body of bees. The study was conducted at the Institute of Biotechnology and Veterinary Medicine of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals" from 2012 to 2019. The material for research was one-day- old bees, which were obtained in laboratory conditions by incubating a closed brood. After hatching of the imago bees, they were fed with sugar syrup with the addition of selenium-active. The brood for obtaining one-day-old insects was selected from the university apiary (biological station "Chernaya Rechka"). The bees were incubated in a thermostat at 37 °C and 80 % relative humidity. One-day-old bees were housed in 6 entomological cages (50 individuals in each). The experiments were repeated six times. Selenium-active was used as a feed additive. The control group was fed only with sugar syrup, and the experimental group was fed with sugar syrup with the addition of selenium-active. The experiment lasted 26 days. At the end of the experiment, dead bees (respectively by groups) were subjected to autoclave mineralization, after which the content of heavy metals was determined in the extract from the mineralizate by the atomic absorption method on an AAS-3 and "Kvant-Z ETA" spectrophotometer (GOST 30692-2000). The effectiveness of the preparation used was determined by the life expectancy and the amount of accumulation of heavy metals in the body of bees. Calculations for determining life expectancy were carried out according to the formula proposed by A.M. Smirnov and S.A. Stroykov. It was revealed that selenium-active has the ability to remove cadmium, lead and copper from the body of bees. To increase the lifespan of bees under ecologically unfavorable living conditions, sugar syrup with the addition of selenium-active in an amount of 0.25 mg/kg can be used as a top dressing, which displaces heavy metals from the body of bees and increases their lifespan.