Standards for permissible withdrawal of environmental components: ecosystem approach in theory and legislative practice

In the Russian Federation, everyone has the right to a favorable environment, the quality of which is ensured, inter alia, by the standards for permissible withdrawal of environmental components. Such standards should provide for proper consumption of material and energy resources, be balanced to meet human needs and ensure the preservation and self-recovery of natural systems. The purpose of this publication is to assess the shortcomings of the approaches prevailing in the Russian natural resources legislation to establishing standards for permissible withdrawal of environmental components and identify ways to overcome them.