New genetic sources for soft winter wheat grain high yield

The purpose of research is to study and isolate new genetic sources of high grain yield, use of the obtained genetic sources in the creation of new competitive varieties of soft winter wheat. The main methods of their creation, which are used by selectionists in the North Caucasus Federal Scientific Agrarian Center of the Stavropol Region, are presented. Primarily classical as well as haploid and marker selection are widely used in synthesizing new genotypes. It is based on an individual, continuous, targeted selection of models of productive genotypes. Over the past two years (2019, 2020), 64 new genetic sources of high grain yield were created. This article presents ten genetic sources - Armada, Status, Luda, Prize, 2084/15, 1495/16, 1181/17, 1585/17, 1650/17, 1674/17. Their genealogies are given. The main elements of the structure of the yield of new genotypes are shown. Genetic sources differ among themselves and with the Grom standard in the length, width and shape of the ear. By the length of the ear, they significantly exceeded the standard. Most genotypes also exceeded the standard in terms of the number of spikelets per ear. The number of grains per ear has a great influence on the yield. On this basis, the following genetic sources were distinguished: Prize – 38.7 pcs., 1650/17 – 37.5 pcs., 1674/17 – 37.0 pcs. The grain weight of the ear and the weight of 1000 grains are one of the main structural elements in increasing grain yield. It was found that the structural elements are in a complex relationship with each other and with the grain yield; they vary depending on the genotype and agrometeorological conditions of the year. New genetic sources, such as Armada, Status, Luda, Prize, 2084/15, 1495/16, 1181/17, 1585/17, 1650/17, 1674/17, can be effectively used in breeding programs of breeding centers of the Russian Federation when creating new, competitive, high-yielding varieties of soft winter wheat for the main winter wheat regions of our country.