About "the cultural ancestral home of mankind" In the light of modern sciences data

The article is devoted to the discussions among domestic and foreign specialists regarding the new scientific data about the development of ancient states belonging to the community of the ancient Oriental civilizations. The author attempts to make the system analysis of the new achievements in the field of history, cultural science, archeology and other sciences confirming the existence of more ancient civilizations which can be considered as a source of emergence of the first civilizations of the contemporaneity on the example of the states of ancient Mesopotamia. It should be noted that the cultures originated in the basins of the rivers the Euphrates and Tigris had formed a certain system of outlook, the symbol of which was a human without any ethnic identity (just a human) what later had a great significance in the development of the civilization.