On the realization of the juvenile justice ideas in the criminal court procedure of Russia

Introduction: The article studies debatable issues of the legislative regulation and practical implementation of the juvenile justice ideas. Purpose: the author analyses the positions described in the law literature concerning the notion of the juvenile jus­tice, and the practice of its realization in the criminal court process of Russia. Methods: the methodological basis of this research is the complex of the scientific cognition methods, and the dialectical method takes the leading role among them. In the article, such general scientific methods as analysis and synthesis are used, as well as the specif­ic scientific methods: comparative legal method, formal juridical method, juridical technical method. Results: The author emphasizes that in Russia, the minors are cov­ered by the general constitutional rules of their rights protection, and also by additional guarantees conditioned by the social, psycho-physiological and age-related features of the teenagers. In connection with that, the succession is shown of Article 32 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the RSFSR and Article 50 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, and the formation f the latter in reliance with the interna­tional legal standards of the juvenile justice. The notion of the juvenile justice is given, and its aspects (focus areas) are shown: administrative, civil, civil procedural, criminal, criminal procedural, criminal penal. The role and meaning of the child-friendly justice are shown. The author criticizes the adopted in literature and society incorrect identifi­cation of the whole juvenile justice with its family aspect. The harm of this approach to understanding the juvenile justice is shown. The author gives characteristics of the posi­tive experience of the juvenile justice ideas realization in criminal procedure existing in Russia at the moment, and in particular - in the Perm region. Conclusions: the particu­larly wide system of the state and non-state bodies and establishments involved into the activities of protecting the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the juveniles is also presented by the prosecutors, investigators, lawyers, officials of the penal institu­tions. The center link of the juvenile justice is obviously the court. At present, Russia needs to deepen the specialization of the judges, prosecutors, investigators, inquiry of­ficers, lawyers for criminal cases, to organize their further training, to create special­ized court teams, to build a clear system of cooperation and joint action of the court with the social services. The juvenile justice as the multi-branch institution requires a unified approach to the regulation of the different branches of the material and proce­dural law, and in particular - of the criminal procedural legislation.