About traditional nature management and prospects of the revival of the agriculture economy of the Evenks in Northern Baikal region

The Barguzin range of the Evenks of the Baikal region represents a region with a relatively preserved type of traditional farming. Analysis of the family-clan Evenki communities «Lore», «Argalakta», as well as a description of the ancestral lands of Taza, Garasun, Jirga, Samakhay in the foothills of the Ikat range showed the current state of nomad stock-breeding. The use of local breeds of livestock in combination with cattle breeds adapted to local conditions - Kazakh white-headed and Kalmyk meat, with the help of original forms of management (wintering with periodic use of summer pasture pastures, etc.) allows to effectively preserving the habitat. An analysis of the socio-economic situation of the Evenks of the Barguzin Valley revealed the prospects for the development of forms of nomad stockbreeding, adapted to the harsh conditions of the mountains. Assessment of the quality of pastures has opened not only new valuable fodder plants, highly nutritional, but also little-known medicinal plants from the arsenal of Evenk folk medicine. The most popular among the Evenks was the treatment for cold lungs (Orokomkura - marsh tea, Senkiree - siberian juniper, Suptyleh - prickly rose, Nukte - siberian rowan) and renal and urolithiasis (Tykuli-cowberry, Nukte-Siberian rowan) diseases. Evenki suffered the least from cardiovascular and allergic diseases, as well as from hepatic insufficiency, the reason was the very mobile, often associated with difficult physical labor, lifestyle in the bosom of ecologically virgin taiga open spaces. The Evenks of the Barguzin Valley managed to preserve the ancestral lands and partly experience the nomadic stockbreeding in the Baikal region.