Ensuring safety working conditions for energy workers at operation and repair enterprises

The discusses the issues of ensuring electrical safety for workers at energy enterprises, both agricultural and non-agricultural industries. Accidents at electrical substations occur when faulty electrical equipment is used and emergency situations occur, as well as when labor safety requirements are not observed when performing work, operating and servicing high-voltage equipment. Employees of energy facilities of enterprises are most susceptible to the influence of harmful and hazardous production factors, such as electromagnetic radiation, high voltage and current, noise, etc. It should be noted that in case of accidents of high-voltage equipment, almost all hazardous and harmful production factors are many times higher than the permissible standard values. Using the example of a factory electrical substation of an enterprise, the paper presents a model of protective grounding for this facility. Calculations were performed using the Comsol Multiphysics program, which allows us to calculate the distribution of potentials in the territory of an electrical substation under various emergency conditions, as well as the required resistance of the protective grounding loop of the electrical substation. Protective grounding makes it possible to ensure safe operating and maintenance conditions for power equipment of substations, which consists of external and internal grounding loops. The calculation model of the external and internal protective grounding loops presented in the article allows taking into account factors such as the resistivity of various conductor materials, the characteristics of buildings, premises, the design of the grounding, as well as the resistivity of various soil layers. The considered methodology is of interest to specialists in the energy sector of enterprises and makes it possible to simulate various options for the design of the grounding loop at energy facilities of enterprises, as well as carry out modeling for regions with different layering and soil compositions.