Ensuring the socio-economic efficiency of the SEZ in connection with economic sanctions

On the basis of a multi-scale approach, a territorial analysis was carried out, an assessment of the transformation of possible directions and consequences of the impact of economic sanctions on the effectiveness of the functioning of special economic zones of Russia at the federal, regional and local levels. According to the results of 2021, special economic zones of industrial-production, technical-innovation, port and tourist-recreational type were characterized by high socio-economic efficiency of functioning. The tough economic sanctions imposed will negatively affect the transformation of the entire economy of the country at the federal level and the functioning of special economic zones at the regional and local levels due to the active start of the departure of foreign residents from them from 2022. The negative impact of economic sanctions on the functioning of special economic zones of regions is significantly found where large special economic zones have been formed the most. These include the special economic zones of the Moscow, Lipetsk, Sverdlovsk regions, the Republic of Tatarstan and the Khabarovsk Territory. The lack of a database on the functioning of the country’s special economic zones at the local and especially at the production commodity level does not allow us to get a real territorial-structural picture of the impact of economic sanctions and quantify the results of the negative effects of economic sanctions on the functioning of the country’s export-import-oriented special economic zones. This, in turn, determines the development of a common medium- and long-term strategy for intra-production, export-import production and commodity transformation of each unique special economic zone by specialization.